The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) stands as one of the most transformative techniques in the history of molecular biology. Since its conceptualization by Kary Mullis in 1983, PCR has become a cornerstone of modern biological sciences. Its profou...

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) stands as one of the most transformative techniques in the history of molecular biology. Since its conceptualization by Kary Mullis in 1983, PCR has become a cornerstone of modern biological sciences. Its profound impact is evident across diverse fields such as genetics, biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, environmental science, and forensic investigations. The ability to amplify minute quantities of DNA with precision and specificity has opened new frontiers in diagnostics, research, and innovation.This book, PCR: Principles, Types, Applications, and Practical Exercises, is written to serve as both a foundational text and a practical guide for students, educators, researchers, and professionals working in molecular biology and related disciplines. It is the culmination of our collective experiences in teaching, research, and applied molecular diagnostics, with the intent to demystify PCR and present it as a dynamic, approachable, and immensely powerful tool.