Manan Sahni

What is royalty? How do authors earn money in 2024?

What is royalty? How do authors earn money in 2024?

Royalties are payments made to writers by publishing houses for publishing their original works. It guarantees a continuous income flow and acts as a financial acknowledgement of an author’s contribution. It might seem simple at first glance, but in reality, it is an intricate process that involves many things, most importantly patience.  Though writing may seem like the main aim of the author, in the world of demand and supply, all the focus shifts to sales and money earned. Read: How to Write a Book & Get it Published Globally: A 2024 Essential Guide There are many types of royalties. The three most popular ones are fixed sums, percentages, and advances against royalties. Several factors affect the royalties that authors receive as payment. A book’s genre and level of market trends can have a big impact on sales and, in turn, royalties.  The strength of an author’s brand and reputation are also quite important, with well-known authors frequently fetching larger royalties. A book’s publication route—e-books, audiobooks, or print editions—can have an impact on the entire royalties schedule. Fixed-Sum Royalties Fixed Sum Royalties are a less common yet simple way of paying authors. Authors who choose fixed-sum royalties instead of percentage royalties get paid in advance for their creative work in a specified lump sum. The author and publisher agree on this predetermined price throughout the negotiating stage.  It gives authors immediate cash recompense regardless of the book’s commercial success, in contrast to percentage royalties, which base profits on the performance of the book’s sales. Authors who have negotiated a favourable beginning payment would find this approach appealing. Authors who choose fixed-sum royalties forfeit the possibility of increased revenue contingent on sales success in exchange for initial financial stability. This approach might be more prevalent in certain publishing deals, particularly in situations where publishers are certain of a book’s commercial viability or are working with up-and-coming writers who might want a steady income at the beginning of their careers. Percentage Royalties Percentage Royalties are a popular and flexible way for writers to be paid in the book industry. Authors are entitled to a portion of the proceeds from book sales under this agreement. The precise proportion varies depending on various criteria and is typically specified in the publication agreement. Author earnings are typically expressed as a percentage of the book’s cover price or net revenue from sales, and they are directly correlated with the success of the author’s writing. The agreed-upon percentage is influenced by an author’s reputation, genre, and negotiating skills, among other things. Because of their popularity, well-known writers may be able to bargain for greater royalties as publishers appreciate their contributions. Writers are encouraged to actively promote their works and help a book succeed in the market by receiving a portion of the profits. There exists a mutually beneficial relationship between the book’s success and the author’s financial gains—the more copies sold, the higher the author’s earnings. Percentage royalties continue to be a crucial element in ensuring that writers receive fair compensation for their inventiveness and the commercial success of their literary works, even as the literary scene changes. You may also like: List of 15 Prestigious Literary Awards in 2024 Book Advance Royalties Publishers frequently give authors a financial arrangement known as advance royalties. The author receives this advance as a lump-sum payment before the formal publication of their work. In essence, it is a projection of future royalties received. This money can be used for living expenses, writing help, or whatever else the author feels the writer needs. The advance is deducted subsequently from the royalties the author would have otherwise received from book sales and is regarded as a prepayment for the author’s labour. Although the advance gives authors cash upfront, it’s crucial to remember that not all writers will receive royalties after the advance. If the advance for a book is not exceeded by sales, there is no guarantee that the author will be paid more. However, authors start receiving royalties on top of the first advance for successful novels that sell more than the advance, which makes this arrangement a vital component of the financial dynamics of the author-publisher relationship. How Much do Authors Earn? Now the big question arises: how much do authors exactly earn? Can they earn billions by selling their books? The answer might be yes, as the famous J.K. Rowling set an example that everyone looked up to. But, to be honest, it’s a rare spectacle. There are exceptions. Some people even struggle to reach the ‘100 copies sold’ milestone. Authors’ payments differ greatly, depending on variables in the ever-changing publishing industry.  The genre and demand for a specific book on the market are important factors. Popular genres like mystery and romance frequently see increases in sales, which might mean greater pay for writers. Higher royalty percentages can be demanded from well-known authors who have a devoted following, which can boost income. Profits are also impacted by the format in which a book is released. The royalties associated with e-books, audiobooks, and print editions can vary, which could affect writers’ total earnings. Furthermore, negotiations with publishers are also important since the conditions that are reached can include advance payments against future royalties, which can have a significant impact on an author’s short-term financial status. A major determinant of author compensation is sales volume. Because they sell a lot of books, best-selling authors can earn large royalties, but rising authors might first receive smaller advances and royalties.  Authors must manage these variables as the literary scene changes to maximise their income, understanding that the market’s acceptance of their work is just as important as the calibre of it in determining success. The earnings of authors also matter on the basis of: Genre Specification and Marketability Author’s Brand Name Publishing Version Reputation of the Publishing House Sales Volume Genre Specification and Marketability Market demand and genre have a big influence on an author’s possible income. Certain genres are more popular than others, which…

How to Design a Book Cover? Complete 2024 Guide

How to Design a Book Cover? Complete 2024 Guide

Designing your own book cover or engaging a professional designer is an important step in the publishing process. Your book cover is more than simply an aesthetic feature; it serves as your major marketing tool, providing key information about your book and enticing potential readers. In this detailed guide, we’ll look at both possibilities and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each. Pros and Cons of creating Book Cover by yourself Pros of Creating a Book: Cover Yourself Creative Freedom: Designing your book cover allows for complete creative freedom. You have control over every aspect, ensuring that your vision aligns with your book’s themes and messages. Freedom to Experiment: You can experiment with different design elements, colours, and styles without any limitations. This flexibility enables you to explore various possibilities until you find the one that best represents your book. Cost Efficiency: If you’re on a tight budget, creating your book cover can be a cost-effective solution. Many online tools and platforms offer free or affordable design resources. Cons of Creating a Book: Cover Yourself Fewer Sales: A self-designed cover may not have the professional polish that attracts readers. A poorly designed cover might lead to fewer sales as it may not resonate with your target audience. Lower Quality Cover: Without design expertise, your cover might lack the quality expected in the competitive book market. A poorly designed cover can create a negative first impression. Lack of Experience: Designing an effective cover requires knowledge of design principles. If you lack experience, your cover might appear amateurish and deter potential readers. Amateurish Design: An unprofessional-looking cover can give the impression that the content inside is also of low quality. This can discourage readers from exploring your book. You may also like: Is Kindle Direct Publishing right for Your Next Book? Designing Your Own Book Cover Here are few steps to design your book cover by yourself in 2024- Understand Your Book Know Your Audience Choose an Appropriate Style Emphasise Title and Author Name Use high-quality images Understand Your Book Before embarking on the journey of designing your book cover, it’s crucial to have an in-depth understanding of your own work. This involves delving into the genre, themes, and target audience of your book. Each genre has its own visual expectations, and your cover needs to align with these conventions to communicate effectively with potential readers. For example, if you’ve written a mystery novel, you might want to incorporate elements that evoke suspense or intrigue. If it’s a romance novel, the cover could feature romantic imagery. An excellent example of aligning the cover with the genre is Agatha Christie’s mystery novels, which are often adorned with mysterious and intriguing imagery that immediately signals the genre to the audience. Design Your Book Cover Now Know Your Audience Understanding your target audience is fundamental to creating a book cover that resonates with potential readers. Different demographics respond to various visual elements, so it’s essential to tailor your cover to the expectations and preferences of your intended readership. For instance, if your book is aimed at young adults, the cover might feature vibrant colours, dynamic imagery, or illustrations that align with the themes of the story. On the other hand, a business-related non-fiction book might have a more professional and minimalist cover design to appeal to a mature and professional audience. You may also like: List of 15 Prestigious Literary Awards in 2024 Design Your Book Cover Now Choose an Appropriate Style The style of your book cover is a crucial aspect of its overall impact. Styles can range from illustrative and symbolic to photographic and minimalist. The chosen style should complement the genre and mood of your book, effectively conveying the emotions you want to evoke in potential readers. For a thriller novel, a suspenseful and mysterious design might involve dark colours, intriguing symbols, and shadows. In contrast, a light-hearted romance novel might opt for a more whimsical and colourful design to reflect the romantic themes. The key is to align the chosen style with the essence of your book. Design Your Book Cover Now Emphasise Title and Author Name One common mistake in book cover design is neglecting the importance of readability. Your title and author name should be prominent and easily readable, even in thumbnail size. The font you choose should align with the genre and theme of your book while striking a balance between aesthetics and readability. Consider J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter” series; the titles are prominently featured, often with distinct typography that reflects the magical and whimsical nature of the stories. The emphasis on the title makes it instantly recognisable to readers. Design Your Book Cover Now Use high-quality images If your book cover includes graphics, drawings, or photographs, be sure to select high-resolution, professional-quality visuals. Blurry or pixelated photographs might detract from the professionalism of your book and provide a bad impression. Take, for example, Michelle Obama’s memoir “Becoming.” The cover image is a high-quality portrait of the author, communicating authenticity and enabling readers to engage with her personal tale. The usage of a clear and compelling image enhances the overall success of the book cover. By adhering to these principles, you can create a book cover that not only visually appeals to your target audience but also effectively communicates the essence of your book. Each element should work harmoniously to create a compelling and memorable cover that entices readers to explore your work. You may also like: Book Writing Tools That Actually Make a Difference Design Your Book Cover Now Hiring a professional designer Pros of Hiring a Designer Professional Book Cover: A professional designer brings expertise to create a visually appealing and marketable book cover. A polished cover signals quality content to potential readers. Better Marketing and Sales: Professionally designed covers often result in better marketing and increased sales. Readers are more likely to trust a book with an attractive and professionally crafted cover. No Need for Design Mastery: Hiring a designer eliminates the need for you to master…

How to Format a Book 2024 – Guide to Master it

How to Format a Book 2024 – Guide to Master it

Writing a book is an enormous achievement, but presenting it in a polished and reader-friendly style is as important. Whether you self-publish or submit your book to established publishers, appropriate formatting improves the overall reading experience. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll go over the essential steps for effectively formatting your book, including file types, novel formatting guidelines, selecting the right formatting programme, creating front and back matter, ebook and print book formatting rules, trim size selection, designing beautiful chapter pages, book formatting services, and key formatting terms. Understanding File Types of Book Formatting Before delving into the formatting process, it’s crucial to understand the different file types associated with book formatting. Common file types include: Word Document (.doc or.docx): Widely used for drafting and editing manuscripts. PDF (Portable Document Format): Ideal for preserving formatting across various devices and platforms. EPUB (Electronic Publication): Specifically designed for ebooks, allowing dynamic text adjustment. MOBI (Mobipocket): A format compatible with Kindle devices and apps. Each file type serves a specific purpose in the publishing journey, and understanding their nuances is fundamental for effective book formatting. You may also like: Is Kindle Direct Publishing right for Your Next Book? Novel Formatting Guidelines Novel formatting involves adhering to specific guidelines to ensure a seamless and professional presentation. These guidelines cover aspects such as font choice, line spacing, paragraph indentation, and more. Consistency is key in novel formatting, creating a visually appealing and easy-to-read experience for your audience. Step 1: Decide Which Formatting Programme to Use Choosing the right formatting programme is a critical decision in the book formatting process. The programme you select will influence the overall look and feel of your book, impacting factors such as layout, font choices, and general aesthetics. Here are some popular options and considerations: Microsoft Word: Strengths: user-friendly, widely accessible, and familiar to many writers. Considerations: Limited control over intricate layouts, especially for complex designs. Google Docs: Strengths: collaborative features, cloud-based accessibility, and basic formatting tools. Considerations: Limited advanced formatting options compared to dedicated design software.  Scrivener: Strengths: Tailored for writers, allowing easy organisation and navigation of large manuscripts. Considerations: It may have a steeper learning curve for those unfamiliar with the software. Adobe InDesign: Strengths: professional-grade layout capabilities; extensive design features. Considerations: requires a learning curve; may be more suitable for complex layouts. Consider your familiarity with each programme, the complexity of your book’s design needs, and your budget. For instance, an author with a straightforward manuscript might find Microsoft Word sufficient, while a graphic-heavy or intricate design might benefit from Adobe InDesign. Assume you’re creating a nonfiction book with basic formatting requirements, such as headers, subheadings, and occasional graphics. In this scenario, Microsoft Word, with its user-friendly design and ubiquitous availability, may be the most practical option. It helps you to concentrate on your content without being distracted by complex design aspects. Step 2: Creating Your Front and Back Matter Front and back matter are crucial components that frame your book, providing essential information and enhancing the reader’s experience. Understanding how to structure these sections contributes to the overall professionalism of your work. Front Matter: Title Page: Includes the book title, author’s name, and possibly a subtitle or series information. Table of Contents: Lists chapters or sections with page numbers. Copyright Page: Contains copyright details, publication information, and legal notices. Dedication: Optional, for expressing gratitude or dedicating the book to someone Back Matter: Acknowledgments: Express gratitude to individuals or entities who contributed to the book. Author bios: brief biographies of the authors, providing context or credentials. Additional Titles: Promote other works by the author, encouraging continued readership. For example, in a fiction book, the title page may have a fascinating title and the author’s name, establishing the tone for the story. The copyright page provides legal protection, while the dedication page allows the author to convey personal views. The table of contents helps readers navigate the chapters. Acknowledgments thank individuals who helped the author; author profiles give information about the creators; and noting further titles encourages readers to read more of the author’s work. Properly organising these pieces improves the book’s professional appearance. Step 3: Rules and Guidelines for Proper Ebook Formatting Ebook formatting is a critical aspect of the modern publishing landscape, considering the increasing prevalence of digital reading devices. Authors must adhere to specific rules to ensure their ebooks are visually appealing and function seamlessly across various e-reader devices. Embedding Fonts: One crucial rule in ebook formatting is the embedding of fonts. Unlike print books, where fonts are fixed, ebooks should embed fonts to maintain consistency across different devices. Embedding ensures that the chosen font is preserved, preventing potential distortions or substitutions on readers’ devices. For example, if an author selects a unique font for chapter headings, embedding that font ensures readers see the intended visual presentation on their e-readers. Using Consistent Styling: Consistency in styling is paramount for a professional and polished ebook. Authors must adhere to a consistent format for headings, paragraphs, and other text elements. This ensures a cohesive reading experience and prevents distracting variations that may arise from device-specific rendering. For instance, using the same font size and style for chapter headings throughout the ebook maintains a visually harmonious layout. Optimising Images for Digital Viewing: Images play a significant role in enhancing the visual appeal of an ebook. Authors need to optimise images for digital viewing to prevent issues such as slow loading times or distorted visuals. Optimisation involves compressing images without compromising quality, ensuring a smooth reading experience. For example, an author including illustrations in a children’s ebook must ensure the images are appropriately sized and formatted for optimal viewing on diverse devices. Understanding these intricacies of ebook formatting is crucial for authors seeking to reach a broad digital audience while maintaining the visual integrity of their work. Step 4: Rules and Guidelines for Proper Print Book Formatting Print book formatting involves a distinct set of rules tailored to the physical medium. Proper formatting is essential for producing print copies that meet industry…

A Complete 2024 Guide: How to Write a Book & Get it Published

A Complete 2024 Guide: How to Write a Book & Get it Published

Starting on the journey to write a book is a life-changing decision, offering the potential to influence countless lives and make a lasting impact. However, the path to becoming an author is no walk in the park. The process of writing a book is filled with challenges that might tempt you to throw in the towel. Whether it’s grappling with a lack of ideas, losing interest in your own message, succumbing to distractions, or feeling overwhelmed by the enormity of the task, the hurdles are numerous. Imagine if you had a roadmap, guiding you precisely on: Where to start your writing journey. The detailed steps involved in each phase. Strategies to conquer fear, procrastination, and writer’s block. Techniques to prevent that overwhelming feeling from taking over. Writing a book is within your grasp, and it might happen sooner than you think. In today’s digital age, you have an array of writing tools at your disposal to expedite the process. Unlocking the door to book writing success involves following a proven, straightforward, step-by-step plan. In this journey, you’ll have to refine your writing techniques that may seem a little slow as a process. However, armed with a reliable blueprint, you can overcome obstacles and make significant progress in your book-writing journey. Allow us to share a little research and a personal approach to how to write a book, providing insights that have the potential to transform your writing experience. The goal is to offer you a guiding light through the often challenging process of turning your book idea into a reality. So, let’s dive into the steps that can redefine your book-writing journey. You may also like: Is Kindle Direct Publishing right for Your Next Book? 1. Where to start your writing journey The journey of writing a book requires thoughtful preparation—a step that, in the long run, you’ll appreciate and thank yourself for. Before diving into such a monumental task, consider the importance of laying a solid foundation. Comparatively, attempting to cut down a vast grove of trees with just an axe would be impractical. You need the right tools—a chainsaw, perhaps multiple, kept sharp and fueled adequately. The analogy is clear: don’t overlook the foundational aspects of the book-writing process. Step 1: Establish Your Writing Space Creating a conducive writing space is crucial. Contrary to the belief that you need a dedicated sanctuary. The lesson here is that you make do with what you have. Some of your most productive days could be spent on a sagging couch. While a more comfortable and private space is preferable, the key is adaptability. Real writers can write anywhere. Some thrive in restaurants or coffee shops. Writing in a noisy environment builds resilience, making any other setting seem ideal. The point is that your writing space is flexible, and the key is to start writing regardless of your surroundings. Step 2: Assemble Your Writing Tools In the world of writing, efficiency is paramount. There was no luxury of handwriting and then typing for layout; everything went straight from the keyboard. This practice has endured in my book writing, primarily done at a keyboard. While most authors follow suit, some still handwrite initial drafts and then transition to digital formats. However, presenting a typewritten or handwritten manuscript to a publisher is unthinkable in today’s industry. Microsoft Word is the standard, ensuring your submissions align with the industry’s expectations. For a robust electronic organizing system, Scrivener stands out, seamlessly interacting with Word files. Its versatility spans both PCs and Macs. Keep in mind that Scrivener has a learning curve, so it’s beneficial to acquaint yourself with its features before diving into writing. Additionally, various tools cater to specific book-writing needs. Explore the popular ones listed in dedicated blogs and writing tools pages for a comprehensive selection. Step 3: Equip Your Writing Space If you are handwriting your drafts, invest in quality paper, pencils, and erasers. Regardless, a computer is essential for research and communication with agents, editors, and publishers. Opt for the latest, high-capacity, and speedy computer within your budget. Anticipate your workspace needs. Stock up on stationery, organization tools, and peripherals like staplers, rulers, tape dispensers, and clocks. Create a comfortable and well-equipped environment with ergonomic furniture. A good chair, especially, is non-negotiable for prolonged writing sessions. Prioritize posture and comfort; your creativity shouldn’t be hindered by discomfort. Whether or not you currently use all the listed items, make a comprehensive list of your anticipated needs. As you progress in your writing journey and gain financial traction, continue upgrading your workspace. Remember, the key is to start writing, making the most of what you have, and evolving your setup along the way. You may also like: List of 15 Prestigious Literary Awards in 2024 Start your writing journey in 2024 now 2. The detailed steps involved in each phase Writing a book may seem like an overwhelming task, akin to conquering a colossal project. However, the key lies in breaking down this formidable endeavor into manageable fragments. As the saying goes, the way to eat an elephant is one bite at a time. This adage aptly applies to crafting a book, which, despite its grandeur, is fundamentally an amalgamation of sentences, paragraphs, and pages. Step 1: Deconstructing the Monolith The initial challenge is to shift one’s perspective from viewing the book as a 400-page monstrosity to recognizing it as a composition of various small components. Writing cannot occur in a single Herculean effort any more than one could consume an entire elephant in a solitary sitting. The goal is to simplify the process, acknowledging that progress is incremental. While the first week may yield a modest digit of pages, a few months down the line, the tally could extend into the second hundred. The strategy is to distill the overarching book idea from a page or so into a single sentence—a concise premise. The specificity of this one-sentence premise becomes instrumental in maintaining focus during the writing journey. However, before progressing to…

Book Review – The Art of Reflections a Book by Avani Madne

Book Review – The Art of Reflections a Book by Avani Madne

Author: Avani Madne Book: The Art of Murdering  Blurb: Ivanna Valentina, a student who dreams of becoming a detective, is given a risky case to solve. As she investigates the murder of her friend’s parents, she uncovers many hidden secrets. Eventually, she unveiled the shocking revelation that the culprit behind these heinous acts was none other than Dr. MT, a remorseless individual driven by her own haunting past to eliminate younger siblings. Armed with this newfound knowledge, Ivanna embarked on a quest to apprehend the murderer. However, fate took an unfortunate turn as the murderer managed to locate her before she could make her move. The question remains: Will she make it through the deadly chaos? Book Review – “The Art of Murdering” by Avani Madne Avani Madne’s debut novel, “The Art of Murdering,” is a thrilling journey into the life of Ivanna Valentina, a determined eighth-grader with aspirations of becoming a detective. The narrative kicks off with an adrenaline-pumping case that takes readers on a rollercoaster of emotions, suspense, and unexpected twists. The protagonist, Ivanna Valentina, is not your average eighth-grader. Her passion for detective work sets the stage for a riveting tale as she is handed a risky case involving the murder of her friend’s parents. What follows is a relentless pursuit of the truth, unravelling hidden secrets, and an astonishing revelation that shakes the very foundation of Ivanna’s world. The antagonist, Dr. MT, emerges as a formidable foe, driven by a haunting past that compels her to commit heinous acts, especially targeting younger siblings. The intricate web of deception and suspense woven by Madne keeps readers on the edge of their seats, eager to uncover the next layer of the mystery. One of the commendable aspects of the book is the author’s ability to create a vivid and immersive world. Madne’s descriptive prose paints a detailed picture of the scenes, allowing readers to step into the shoes of the characters. From the bustling streets to the quiet corners where secrets lurk, every setting comes alive with the author’s evocative storytelling. Ivanna Valentina, as the central character, is a relatable yet extraordinary protagonist. Her passion for detective work is fueled not only by her innate curiosity but also by a sense of justice and loyalty to her friend. Avani Madne brilliantly captures the essence of adolescence, blending it seamlessly with the high stakes of a detective thriller. Ivanna’s character development throughout the story is well-paced, making her growth and determination resonate with readers. The plot unfolds like a well-crafted puzzle, with each piece fitting into the larger narrative. Madne skillfully drops breadcrumbs of clues, keeping readers engaged and eager to connect the dots. The suspense builds gradually, reaching a crescendo that will leave readers breathless and eager for more. What sets “The Art of Murdering” apart is the fusion of genres. It’s not just a mystery novel; it’s a coming-of-age story, a tale of friendship, and a thrilling adventure rolled into one. The author successfully weaves these elements together, creating a narrative that transcends traditional genre boundaries. The Art of Murdering a Book by Sreepurna Tupaki Order Now The Art of Murdering a Book by Sreepurna Tupaki Order Now Avani Madne’s writing style is fresh, dynamic, and filled with youthful energy. The dialogues are authentic, capturing the essence of teenage banter and camaraderie. The pacing is well-balanced, ensuring that the story moves forward with momentum while allowing readers to savour the details. The supporting cast of characters adds depth to the narrative, each contributing to the overall richness of the story. From loyal friends to enigmatic adversaries, every character is carefully crafted and serves a purpose in the grand scheme of Ivanna’s quest for justice. As the story hurtles towards its climax, the suspense is palpable, and the stakes are higher than ever. The question of whether Ivanna will emerge victorious in the face of danger hangs in the balance. The climax is satisfying, delivering on the promises set up throughout the novel while leaving room for future adventures. In conclusion, “The Art of Murdering” is a remarkable debut that showcases Avani Madne’s storytelling prowess. It’s a captivating blend of mystery, suspense, and coming-of-age elements that will appeal to readers of all ages. Ivanna Valentina’s journey is just the beginning, and with Avani’s talent, we can only anticipate more thrilling adventures in the world of “The Art of Murdering.” Madne’s ability to capture the imagination of readers is commendable, and this debut novel is a promising start to what is undoubtedly a bright literary career. Publish your book with BlueRoseONE and become a bestselling author. Don’t let your dream of becoming an author fade away, grab the opportunity now and publish your book – be it fiction, non fiction, poetry or more.

How to Write a Book: Complete Step-by-Step Guide – 2024

How to Write a Book: Complete Step-by-Step Guide – 2024

Do you feel like you have a lot of thoughts jumbled up in your mind and want to say it all? Why not try writing it in a book? Writing a book is as easy as tedious it sounds – confusing right? Thinking about writing a book is a contemplative journey that begins with a spark of inspiration and a canvas of limitless possibilities. The desire to craft a narrative, whether fiction or nonfiction, often works as a motivating factor within, beckoning writers to start on a literary journey. The process of contemplating a book involves introspection, ideation, and a profound connection with one’s inner storyteller. What exactly do you wish to write? The pivotal first step for any writer involves predefining the target audience for their book. This crucial decision shapes the narrative, tailoring it to the specific readership that the author envisions. Additionally, writers must make a conscious choice regarding the genre or category of their book, be it fiction or nonfiction. This decision entails determining whether the work falls into the nonfiction world, like a self-help guide, biography, or historical account, or if it aligns with a fiction category, encompassing genres such as science fiction, fantasy, mystery, or romance. For instance, a writer might opt to create a collection of poems, short stories, or delve into flash fiction—concise narratives that unfold in just a few minutes. Another intriguing genre is creative nonfiction, also known as literary journalism. This unique style blends factual accuracy with fictional techniques, introducing elements like character development and scene setting. Regardless of the chosen genre, both the content and style must harmonise with the expectations of the intended audience. This thoughtful alignment ensures that the narrative resonates effectively with readers, delivering an experience that meets their expectations. Select a couple of paths of genres to choose from Choosing the type of book may commonly act as a preparatory step in refining the main topic, and the two phases are typically linked since the type of book chosen may indicate a certain concentration. The core of a good book is its concentration, which writers achieve by intentionally restricting their theme. This technique allows them to focus on important aspects while discarding unnecessary information. Employing reporting questions, such as who, what, when, where, and how, can help you concentrate. For example, if a writer intends to create a historical fiction work set in a specific century, the genre (historical fiction) naturally directs attention towards studying the complexities of that historical period. To guarantee a rich and well-rounded story, the writer may ask reporting questions like when and where the events take place, who the main players are, and how historical facts interact with fictitious components. This technique not only refines the topic but also identifies areas that may need extra study, context, or historical background. Brainstorm the themes and sub-genres The brainstorming phase stands out as the most creative part of the book-writing process. Writers here break free from the restraints of precise syntax and punctuation, allowing their thoughts to flow freely and forge unorthodox connections. It is a phase of research in which associative leaps lead to unexpected pathways or inventive connections. The emphasis is on exploration and letting creativity flow freely. For example, if a writer intends to create a science fiction novel, the brainstorming session may include investigating futuristic themes, imagining alternate universes, and considering the influence of new technology on society. During this stage, the writer is not concerned with organising or polishing their thoughts. Instead, it’s about gathering material, giving structure to first ideas, and determining what pieces are already relevant to the book and which require more development. In science fiction, brainstorming might result in the invention of new alien species, creative technology, or unexpected outcomes of scientific achievements. The purpose is to encourage a free-flowing exchange of ideas, allowing the writer to unearth unexpected facts or a new viewpoint. At this stage, the emphasis is on creativity and experimentation, laying the groundwork for the more organised phases of writing that will come later. Plan your book. With a well-defined concept in hand, the next crucial step is to meticulously plan the structure of your book. Consider the opening and closing chapters, and deliberate on the central portion, which constitutes the heart of your content. Break down your book into logical sections or chapters, outlining the focus of each segment. For example, if you’re planning to write a mystery novel, envision how you want to start and conclude the story. Deliberate on the key plot twists and character developments that will unfold in the middle of the narrative. By structuring your book in this way, you provide a roadmap for both yourself and your readers, ensuring a coherent and engaging storyline. Research Research serves as a vital component for both fiction and non-fiction works. Even in the realm of fiction, ensuring believability and realism is paramount. In non-fiction, thorough research is indispensable to guaranteeing the accuracy and currency of the information presented. Conduct comprehensive research by delving into books, articles, and relevant materials tied to your chosen topic. Capture essential details in your notes, laying the groundwork for a well-informed and credible narrative. Consider a scenario where you’re crafting a historical fiction novel set in a specific era. Your research might involve exploring the cultural nuances, historical events, and societal norms of that time period. This attention to detail enhances the authenticity of your narrative, making it more compelling for readers. Start the writing process Now that your research and planning stages have reached fruition, it’s the opportune moment to set pen to paper and commence the writing process. An essential reminder: Your initial draft doesn’t demand perfection. The primary objective is to translate your well-conceived ideas into written form. Disregard concerns about grammar intricacies or sentence structure during this phase; the emphasis is solely on giving life to your narrative. Consider a scenario where you’re crafting a self-help book on personal development. In this preliminary writing phase, your…

Learn How to Sell Books Online in 2024: Essential Guide

Learn How to Sell Books Online in 2024: Essential Guide

Beginning the road to selling books online is a dynamic endeavour that requires a deliberate combination of digital acumen, e-commerce savvy, and persuasive marketing brilliance. Creating a noticeable online presence is the cornerstone of success for authors and publishers alike in the wide digital world. It entails not just displaying literary works but also creating an immersive experience that entices potential readers.  Using e-commerce platforms like Amazon or specialty platforms like Etsy gives up new avenues for connecting with a worldwide audience, offering a marketplace where literary works may find their appropriate audience. However, the art of online book sales extends beyond the realms of transactional exchanges. Effective marketing strategies play a pivotal role in amplifying visibility, enticing prospective readers, and building a loyal readership base.  From search engine optimisation (SEO) to leveraging social media dynamics and exploring paid advertising avenues, the modern author must navigate a multifaceted terrain to ensure their literary endeavours flourish in the digital marketplace.  Read: Get an Idea on How to Write a Book Dedication: Best Effective Tips to Follow  In this intricate dance of technology and creativity, the journey of selling books online unfolds as a harmonious symphony, where the resonance of captivating narratives meets the algorithms of discoverability and consumer engagement. Here’s a step-by-step guide: Create a professional website  Utilize e-Commerce Platforms Optimise for Search Engines (SEO) Build a Mailing List Social Media Marketing Offer Discounts and Promotions Collect and Showcase Reviews Create Author Profiles Explore Paid Advertising Participate in Book Fairs and Events Provide Excellent Customer Service Stay Informed and Adapt Create a Professional Website Creating a good website is the first step towards establishing a strong online presence for your books. The website acts as a central point for potential readers to learn about your work, browse your catalogue, and contact you as an author. It is critical to have a user-friendly interface that allows users to effortlessly move around your site. A clean design with a visually attractive layout and high-quality book covers improves your online platform’s overall aesthetics and professionalism. Furthermore, with an increasing number of visitors accessing material via smartphones and tablets, optimising your website for mobile devices is critical. A mobile-friendly design provides visitors with a smooth and engaging experience, enhancing engagement and increasing the possibility of converting browsers into readers. Utilize e-commerce platforms Using renowned e-commerce platforms allows your books to reach a large online audience. Millions of consumers trust platforms like Amazon, eBay, and Etsy, which provide an easy and familiar atmosphere for potential purchasers. Creating thorough product listings is critical for effectively promoting your books. Create captivating book descriptions that entice readers, add high-quality cover photos that visually reflect your work, and include essential metadata to improve searchability. By partnering with these renowned e-commerce platforms, you have access to their current user base as well as their powerful infrastructure, which includes secure payment processing and dependable delivery choices. This method not only simplifies the purchase procedure for clients, but it also provides legitimacy to your books because they are shown with other respected publications in the store. Optimise for Search Engines (SEO) Implementing SEO best practices is crucial for enhancing the visibility of your website and book listings in search engine results. This involves strategically incorporating relevant keywords into your book titles, descriptions, and metadata. By aligning your content with what readers are searching for, you improve your chances of ranking higher in search engine results pages. Optimising for SEO not only makes your books more discoverable but also establishes your website as a credible source, ultimately driving organic traffic. Regularly updating your content, improving page load speed, and ensuring mobile friendliness are additional aspects of SEO that contribute to a better overall user experience. Build a mailing list Establishing an email list is a powerful tool for connecting directly with potential readers and building a community around your work. Offer incentives such as exclusive content, early access to new releases, or special discounts to encourage visitors to subscribe. A well-nurtured mailing list allows you to maintain an ongoing relationship with your audience, keeping them informed about upcoming releases, author events, and other relevant updates through newsletters. Building this direct line of communication not only fosters reader loyalty but also provides a platform for personalised engagement, turning one-time buyers into long-term fans. Social media marketing Using social media networks to market your books is a dynamic and successful method. Platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest provide several options to interact with your target audience. Distribute visually engaging information such as book covers, behind-the-scenes peeks, and reader feedback. Respond to comments, participate in relevant conversations, and launch targeted advertising campaigns to reach certain demographics to actively connect with your audience. Social networking may help you create your author brand, increase visibility, and foster a sense of community among your fans. You may also like: Unlocking Success: How to Sell Books Online Effectively Offer discounts and promotions Entice potential buyers by strategically running limited-time promotions, discounts, or bundle deals. Creating a sense of urgency around these offers encourages immediate purchases. This marketing strategy not only attracts new readers but also retains existing ones, fostering a sense of goodwill. Promotions can be communicated through various channels, including your website, email newsletters, and social media platforms. Consider aligning promotions with specific events, holidays, or book-related milestones to maximise their impact. Well-executed discount and promotion campaigns can drive sales, increase visibility, and generate buzz around your books in a competitive online marketplace. Collect and showcase reviews Encouraging readers to leave reviews is a crucial aspect of building credibility and influencing potential buyers in the competitive world of online book sales. Positive reviews not only serve as testimonials but also act as social proof, assuring potential customers of the book’s quality. By creating a review-friendly environment on your website and prominent e-commerce platforms, you invite readers to share their experiences and opinions. These reviews contribute to an organic, positive image for your book, attracting more potential readers. As…

How to Write a Memoir: Steps for a Gripping Life Story

How to Write a Memoir: Steps for a Gripping Life Story

What is a Memoir? A memoir is a nonfiction story about a certain time, topic, or feature of someone’s life. It is an intensely intimate story that digs into the author’s recollections, feelings, emotions, and reflections. A memoir, as opposed to an autobiography, focuses on specific events, relationships, or experiences in order to portray a greater truth or understanding.  Read: What is an ISBN number? Things to Know about Publishing Industry! It frequently combines storytelling with personal reflection, encouraging readers to connect on an emotional and empathetic level with the author’s experience. Memoirs provide a distinct viewpoint, expressing the essence of a life via vivid storytelling and an intimate investigation of the author’s experiences. What all includes in a Memoir? Here’s a list of things that are included in a Memoir –  Personal Experiences Emotions and Reflections Character Development Themes and Lessons Descriptive Storytelling Authentic Voice Narrative Arc Honesty and Vulnerability Impactful Writing Resolution or Reflection Personal Experiences: Memoirs thrive on the author’s vivid recollection of life events, conversations, and pivotal moments. These details provide a tangible sense of the author’s world, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the narrative’s authenticity and relatability. The specificity of these experiences breathes life into the memoir, fostering a profound connection between the author’s life and the reader’s imagination. Emotions and Reflections: Memoirs delve into the emotional landscape of the author, unravelling the complexities of their feelings, thoughts, and inner journey. Through introspection, authors reveal the raw, unfiltered emotions tied to their experiences. This intimate exploration enables readers to empathise, forging a deeper connection and understanding of the author’s vulnerabilities, growth, and resilience. Character Development: Memoirs are not solely about the author but also the individuals who shaped their journey. Authors craft multidimensional characters, including themselves, highlighting their evolution, flaws, and relationships. This depth allows readers to witness the dynamic interplay between characters, creating a nuanced portrayal that mirrors the complexities of real-life interactions. Themes and Lessons: Memoirs often revolve around overarching themes such as resilience, love, loss, or personal growth. These themes serve as the guiding threads, weaving through the narrative and offering insights and valuable lessons derived from the author’s experiences. They provide a universal resonance, inviting readers to reflect on their own lives and beliefs. Descriptive Storytelling: Engaging memoirs employ descriptive storytelling techniques that paint vibrant scenes, evoke sensory experiences, and transport readers to the author’s world. Through vivid descriptions, authors breathe life into memories, enabling readers to visualise and emotionally engage with the settings, events, and people depicted in the memoir. Authentic Voice: The heart of a memoir lies in the author’s authentic voice—a distinct perspective that infuses the narrative with genuineness and relatability. This voice encapsulates the author’s personality, beliefs, and unique view of the world, fostering a genuine connection with readers who resonate with the author’s authenticity. Narrative Arc: A memoir, akin to fiction, benefits from a structured narrative arc. This framework organises the author’s experiences into a cohesive storyline, offering a logical progression from beginning to end. It weaves together events, emotions, and reflections, ensuring a smooth flow that captivates readers while providing a sense of purpose and direction to the narrative. Honesty and Vulnerability: Essential to a compelling memoir is the author’s courage to lay bare their truths, vulnerabilities, and candid reflections. Honesty infuses credibility, fostering a genuine connection with readers. By embracing vulnerability, authors invite empathy and resonate with readers who appreciate the raw, unguarded portrayal of human experiences. Impactful Writing: Memorable memoirs rely on the author’s adept use of language, employing metaphors, vivid imagery, and evocative prose. Skillful writing techniques evoke emotions, leaving a lasting impression on readers’ minds and hearts. The mastery of language heightens the emotional impact of the narrative, enriching the reader’s experience. Resolution or Reflection: A memoir culminates in a reflective conclusion that ties together the narrative’s threads. This resolution offers closure, understanding, or contemplation, leaving readers with a sense of fulfilment or introspection. It encapsulates the author’s growth or the lessons learned, leaving an indelible mark on the reader’s perception of the author’s journey. You may also like: What is External Conflict? Definition, Examples and Writing Tips How to write a Memoir? Here are some steps to write a great memoir for your book – Reflecting on the intent behind penning a memoir The selection of a focal point in a memoir Establishing a compelling starting point Developing vivid characters “Show, don’t tell” Crafting a compelling narrative Effective dialogue breathes Navigating emotions Supporting details and scenes enrich Addressing themes and lessons Diligent editing and revision Seeking feedback and constructive criticism Finalising your memoir Step 1: Reflecting on the intent behind penning a memoir is akin to setting the compass for your narrative journey. It’s pivotal to delve into motivations, whether it’s preserving personal history, imparting wisdom, or healing through storytelling. Understanding this purpose anchors the memoir, infusing it with authenticity and direction. Encourage readers to explore their motives earnestly, clarifying what they wish to achieve. Aligning intent with the narrative goal empowers writers, guiding them to uncover the profound significance of their story and connect deeply with readers through shared experiences and emotions. Step 2: The selection of a focal point in a memoir is akin to framing a masterpiece. Choosing a specific theme, period, or aspect of life channels the narrative’s depth and resonance. Encourage readers to deliberate on pivotal moments or overarching themes that encapsulate their journey authentically. This deliberate focus aids in maintaining coherence, preventing narrative dilution or vagueness. By narrowing the story’s scope, authors ensure readers remain engaged and connected throughout the memoir. This process allows for an immersive exploration of the chosen facets, enabling a profound, impactful storytelling experience. Step 3: Establishing a compelling starting point is pivotal; it hooks readers into your story’s world. This initial scene or moment sets the tone, capturing attention and sparking curiosity. It should encapsulate the essence of your narrative while propelling readers into the unfolding journey, enticing them to explore further. Step 4: Developing vivid characters, including yourself, involves more than mere…

What is Vanity Press: How to Dodge Scams & 5 Safe Publishing Routes

What is Vanity Press: How to Dodge Scams & 5 Safe Publishing Routes

A vanity press, also known as a vanity publisher or subsidised publisher, is a publishing business that charges writers for book creation and distribution. Vanity presses, as opposed to traditional publications, transfer the financial responsibility to the author. Vanity press authors frequently pay for services like editing, cover design, printing, and distribution. While these services may be legal, the essential difference is that the author, not the publisher, pays for them. Vanity presses may provide publishing services to nearly anybody willing to pay, regardless of the manuscript’s quality or marketability. Vanity press authors may do so for a variety of reasons, including a desire for creative autonomy or the idea that regular publishing outlets are difficult to access. Vanity publishing, on the other hand, has been chastised for playing on authors’ aspirations and ignorance of the publishing system. Many seasoned publishing professionals advise writers to avoid vanity presses and to extensively investigate any publishing deal to ensure transparency and fairness. Vanity Press vs Self-Publishing The distinction between a vanity press and self-publishing lies in the payment structure and control over the publishing process. A vanity press requires authors to pay upfront for various publishing services, often of questionable quality. On the other hand, self-publishing empowers authors to take complete control of their book projects and enjoy the subsequent benefits. To steer clear of potential traps, authors must be vigilant. In the realm of self-publishing, where scams exist, acquiring knowledge is crucial. Vanity presses thrive on authors’ lack of expertise, assuming they are unfamiliar with the intricacies of the publishing process. Therefore, turning to a publishing company may seem like a logical choice for those unaware of the self-publishing landscape. As an author, staying informed and engaged in the vast ocean of self-publishing information is key. Vanity presses capitalise on authors’ potential lack of knowledge, making it essential for writers to educate themselves and navigate the self-publishing journey with confidence. Reasons why one can fall for Vanity Press? Authors, particularly those who are yet to be published, often find themselves ensnared in the web of vanity press scams due to various reasons, primarily rooted in their lack of knowledge about the publishing landscape and a genuine desire to see their work in the hands of readers. The allure of promises to catapult a freshly completed manuscript to thousands of readers and achieve global sales figures can be irresistibly tempting, especially for aspiring authors seeking a foothold in the competitive publishing industry. One of the fundamental reasons authors fall prey to vanity press scams is their lack of awareness about how to navigate the publishing world without being exploited. Many aspiring authors are innocent and eager to see their literary creations come to life, making them vulnerable to predatory publishing companies. The complexities of the publishing process may overwhelm these writers, leaving them susceptible to misleading offers from vanity presses. The desperation for knowledge and guidance in book publishing often drives authors into the waiting arms of vanity publishers. The intricate nature of the publishing journey can be intimidating for those unfamiliar with the terrain, and the desire to get it right the first time becomes a catalyst for falling into the vanity press trap. Read: How to Self-Publish an eBook and Sell It Online: A Comprehensive Guide The fear of not publishing or making a misstep in the process leads authors to seek immediate solutions, making them easy targets for deceptive publishing schemes. Passion for publishing can sometimes cloud an author’s judgement, making them more susceptible to vanity press scams. The overwhelming eagerness to share one’s work with the world may override the critical evaluation of offers, pushing authors to hastily accept seemingly advantageous deals without considering potential pitfalls. Vanity publishers capitalise on this fervour, offering quick solutions that often result in financial losses and disappointment. Technological barriers also contribute to authors falling victim to vanity press scams. Those who are not tech-savvy may find the self-publishing process daunting and may prefer to pay someone to handle the intricacies on their behalf. Vanity presses exploit this vulnerability by presenting themselves as the solution to the technological challenges authors may face, further enticing them into costly agreements. Some scenarios of Vanity Press The Expensive Package: Scenario: An aspiring author signs up with a vanity press, attracted by promises of quick publication and dreams of becoming a bestselling author. Issue: The press offers an expensive package for services like editing, cover design, and marketing. The author pays a substantial amount but receives subpar services and minimal marketing efforts. Quality Compromises: Scenario: A writer opts for a vanity press due to frustration with traditional publishers rejecting their manuscript. Issue: The press, focused on profits, rushes the publication process, resulting in poor editing, formatting, and cover design. The final product lacks professional quality, impacting the author’s reputation. Hidden Costs: Scenario: An author chooses a vanity press for the apparent simplicity of the publishing process. Issue: After the initial payment, the press reveals additional hidden costs for distribution, marketing, and author copies, leaving the author with unexpected financial burdens. Promises vs. Reality: Scenario: An author is enticed by promises of bestseller status and fame from a vanity press. Issue: Despite investing heavily, the press does little to market the book effectively. The author’s dreams of success are shattered, and the book fails to gain traction in the market. Copyright and Ownership: Scenario: An author, eager to see their work in print, chooses a vanity press without thoroughly reviewing the contract. Issue: The contract includes clauses that give the press extensive rights and control over the book, limiting the author’s ability to republish. How to dodge Vanity Press? For prospective authors, navigating the publishing market can be a demanding undertaking, and the advent of vanity presses adds another degree of complication. These predatory forces frequently prey on authors’ hopes and inexperience, leading them down an expensive and unpleasant path. Authors, on the other hand, may arm themselves with information and tactics to avoid the pitfalls of vanity…

A Strategic Way on How to Create a Book Marketing Plan That Works?

A Strategic Way on How to Create a Book Marketing Plan That Works?

What is a book marketing plan? A book marketing plan includes publicity and promotional techniques to increase book sales and readership. Whether it’s fantasy, children’s literature, or nonfiction, efficient marketing strategies are essential for reaching a wider audience. Key marketing services, such as media coverage, book tours, and social media promotion, have a substantial impact on book sales. It is usual practice to hire a professional publicist to manage and execute numerous marketing activities, both in-person (panels, book launches, tours) and digital (webinars, SEO optimisation, targeted banner advertisements). To maximise a book’s exposure and connection with readers, successful book marketing combines conventional and digital initiatives. Before you create or work towards a marketing plan you need to make sure that the ground work is concrete  You should be well aware of who your target audience You need to be well aware of your book’s unique selling point You should set clear goals for your marketing plan to work You should be well aware of who your target audience is A successful book launch begins with a thorough grasp of your target demographic. Take the time to learn about your potential readers’ demographics, hobbies, and preferred platforms. Consider your target reader’s age, occupation, and interests. If your book is a young adult fantasy novel, for example, your target audience may be teens and young adults who like vivid, imaginative worlds. Investigate their hobbies and preferences further. Consider where these people spend their free time if your novel is about adventure and camaraderie. Do they use social media sites such as Instagram and TikTok, or do they participate in specialised online communities? Knowing these facts helps you to successfully personalise your marketing efforts. If your target audience consists of young people who are keen Instagram users, for example, focus on visually appealing material and popular book-related hashtags. Participate actively in conversations about your book if they frequent online book clubs or forums. By tailoring your marketing techniques to your target readership’s likes and habits, you boost your chances of grabbing their attention and developing a true relationship with your book. This fundamental step lays the groundwork for an engaging and impactful book launch. You need to be well aware of your book’s unique selling point To stand out in a competitive market, you must create a unique selling proposition (USP) for your book. Your USP is the lighthouse that draws readers to your work by emphasising its uniqueness and the value it provides. This might be due to a unique story viewpoint, an exceptional writing style, or the knowledge you bring to the subject. As an example, consider J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter” trilogy. Rowling’s unique selling point is her ability to merge the fantastic with the mundane, creating a universe that captivates both youngsters and adults. Her work stands out in the fantasy genre because of the unique tale aspect of a young wizard’s quest that resonates beyond generations. Alternatively, your USP may be a distinct writing style that creates a lasting impression on readers. For example, Haruki Murakami is well-known for his surreal and dreamy storylines, which create an ambient experience that sets his works like “Norwegian Wood” apart from traditional fiction. You should set clear goals for your marketing plan to work Setting defined, quantifiable, and reasonable goals is the foundation of a successful book marketing strategy. These objectives act as a guidepost for your efforts and provide measurable criteria for achievement. Whether you want to increase your book sales, get more good reviews, or build your author platform, being clear about your goals is essential. For example, if your objective is to sell a certain number of books in the first month of release, make it precise, such as “sell 1,000 copies.” This objective is measurable and gives you a concrete target to strive towards, allowing you to assess your progress and alter techniques as needed. Similarly, obtaining favourable feedback may be a measurable oal. Aim for a specified amount of reviews on sites such as Amazon or Goodreads, and make sure they add to your book’s overall exposure and trustworthiness. Setting a target of gaining social media followers by 20% within a certain timeframe might be one way to broaden your author platform. This clear and quantifiable goal helps you concentrate on developing a community around your business. Setting realistic objectives ensures that they are attainable within the resources and time available to you. This strategic approach not only directs your marketing activities, but it also serves as a framework for measuring the performance of your strategy as you move towards these clearly stated goals. Once these things are in order, you can create a marketing plan according to your goals. You can either get an agency to market you so they can customise your marketing plans or you can choose couple of strategies written below and start the plan at your own pace. Get going on Social Media (example: #Bookstagram) Content marketing (example: author blog) Email marketing (example: exclusive newsletter content) Virtual Book Launch (Example: Online Events) Influencer Collaborations (Example: Book Reviews) Book tours (example: cross-country tour) Paid advertising (example: Amazon ads) Collaborate with bookstores (example: in-store events) Utilise book giveaways (example: Goodreads giveaways) Podcast Appearances (Example: Author Interviews) Get going on Social Media (example: #Bookstagram) Connect with your audience through social media sites. Instagram, which is recognised for its active book community under the hashtag #Bookstagram, provides a visual area to promote your book. Share visually appealing photographs, interact with readers, and connect with influencers to broaden your reach. Content marketing (example: author blog) Make intriguing material on the subjects of your book or your writing journey. On your author website, have a blog where you may offer ideas, behind-the-scenes anecdotes, and related articles. Neil Gaiman’s blog, where he connects his readers with personal experiences and writing guidance, is an outstanding example. Email marketing (example: exclusive newsletter content) Create and manage an email list to allow you to communicate directly with your readers. To entice members, provide…