
Guide on How to Write and Publish a Book Online – 2024 Guide
What is Online Publishing? Online publishing is the dissemination of material via digital platforms accessible via the internet. This new type of publishing has altered the landscape of information sharing by providing a dynamic and accessible platform for writers, journalists, corporations, and individuals to reach a worldwide audience. At its heart, internet publishing includes a wide variety of material, such as articles, blogs, e-books, digital magazines, and more. The transition from traditional print to online platforms democratised the publishing process, allowing anybody with an internet connection to become a content provider. This accessibility has resulted in the proliferation of voices, opinions, and specialty material that would have been difficult to accommodate in traditional publishing methods. E-books have become a popular format for online publishing, allowing authors to independently publish and distribute their works without the need for traditional publishing houses. This has empowered writers to retain greater control over their content, cover design, and distribution, opening new avenues for both established and emerging authors. Steps of How to Publish Online Publishing a book online has become more accessible than ever, thanks to digital platforms that allow authors to share their work with a global audience. Here are the steps to guide you through the process of publishing a book online: Write Your Book Choose Your Publishing Platform Create an Account Format Your Manuscript Design a Book Cover Set the Price Choose Distribution Options Upload Your Book Set Metadata Review and Publish Market Your Book Monitor Sales and Reviews Write Your Book: Initiate your online publishing journey by crafting a compelling manuscript. Make sure your content is not only engaging but also meticulously edited and polished. The strength of your manuscript forms the bedrock of your success in the world of online publishing. Choose your Publishing Platform: Carefully pick an online publishing platform that aligns with your objectives. Popular choices include Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), Smashwords, and Draft2Digital. Each platform comes with its own set of requirements and advantages, so select the one that best suits your needs and goals. Create an Account: Take the crucial step of creating an account on your chosen publishing platform. During the sign-up process, provide all necessary information and take the time to thoroughly read and comprehend the terms and conditions. This foundational step sets the stage for your online publishing endeavour. Format Your Manuscript: Prepare your manuscript according to the formatting guidelines specified by the chosen publishing platform. These guidelines often cover aspects such as file format, layout, and cover design. Adhering to these specifications is crucial for a seamless publishing process, ensuring that your book meets the platform’s requirements. Design a Book Cover: Craft an attention-grabbing book cover that resonates with your target audience. Many online publishing platforms provide tools for cover design, or you can opt to enlist the services of a professional designer. A visually appealing cover enhances the marketability of your book, making it more likely to attract readers. Set the Price: Make a strategic decision on the pricing of your book. Depending on the platform, you may have the flexibility to set your own price or need to adhere to specific pricing structures. Consider market trends, competitor pricing, and the perceived value of your work to determine an optimal price point. Finding the right balance is essential for attracting readers while ensuring your work is appropriately valued. Choose Distribution Options: Decide on the distribution strategy for your book. Some platforms may offer exclusive distribution agreements, limiting where your book is available, while others allow broader distribution across various online retailers. Consider the reach you want for your work and choose the option that aligns with your publishing goals. Upload Your Book: Follow the platform’s guidelines to upload your meticulously formatted manuscript and eye-catching book cover. Thoroughly review all details to ensure accuracy and a seamless transition from upload to publication. Set Metadata: Provide essential metadata, including the book title, author name, a compelling book description, and relevant keywords. This information plays a crucial role in making your book discoverable to potential readers during online searches. Review and Publish: Use the platform’s preview tools to review how your book will appear to readers. Once satisfied with the presentation, proceed with the publishing process. Your book should be available for purchase shortly after, marking the culmination of your online publishing journey. Market Your Book: Deploy a comprehensive marketing strategy to amplify your book’s visibility. Leverage social media platforms, author websites, and other promotional channels to create widespread awareness. Explore avenues like running promotions or utilising online advertising to reach your target audience effectively. An effective marketing campaign is pivotal to driving book sales and building a dedicated readership. Monitor Sales and Reviews: Keep a vigilant eye on your book’s sales performance and reviews. Engage with readers through various channels and consider their feedback as valuable insights for potential improvements. Positive reviews play a crucial role in enhancing your book’s visibility and credibility within the literary marketplace. Explore additional publishing avenues: Diversify your publishing strategy by exploring additional formats, such as audiobooks, or opting for print-on-demand services. These avenues can cater to different audience preferences and expand your book’s accessibility. Additionally, explore promotional opportunities and potential partnerships to further broaden your book’s reach and impact. Embracing various publishing formats and promotional strategies can contribute to the long-term success of your literary work. Pros and Cons of Online Publishing Pros of Online Book Publishing: Accessibility: Online publishing platforms break down geographical barriers, allowing authors to showcase their work to a global audience. This democratization of access ensures that literary creations can reach readers worldwide, fostering diversity in literature and providing authors with a chance to connect with an expansive and varied readership. It opens doors for authors who might otherwise struggle to break into traditional publishing markets, offering a level playing field where talent and creativity take precedence over geographical location. Cost-Effective: Compared to the substantial upfront expenses associated with traditional publishing, online publishing is often more cost-effective. Authors can leverage digital platforms with…

How to Write a Book: Complete Step-by-Step Guide – 2024
Do you feel like you have a lot of thoughts jumbled up in your mind and want to say it all? Why not try writing it in a book? Writing a book is as easy as tedious it sounds – confusing right? Thinking about writing a book is a contemplative journey that begins with a spark of inspiration and a canvas of limitless possibilities. The desire to craft a narrative, whether fiction or nonfiction, often works as a motivating factor within, beckoning writers to start on a literary journey. The process of contemplating a book involves introspection, ideation, and a profound connection with one’s inner storyteller. What exactly do you wish to write? The pivotal first step for any writer involves predefining the target audience for their book. This crucial decision shapes the narrative, tailoring it to the specific readership that the author envisions. Additionally, writers must make a conscious choice regarding the genre or category of their book, be it fiction or nonfiction. This decision entails determining whether the work falls into the nonfiction world, like a self-help guide, biography, or historical account, or if it aligns with a fiction category, encompassing genres such as science fiction, fantasy, mystery, or romance. For instance, a writer might opt to create a collection of poems, short stories, or delve into flash fiction—concise narratives that unfold in just a few minutes. Another intriguing genre is creative nonfiction, also known as literary journalism. This unique style blends factual accuracy with fictional techniques, introducing elements like character development and scene setting. Regardless of the chosen genre, both the content and style must harmonise with the expectations of the intended audience. This thoughtful alignment ensures that the narrative resonates effectively with readers, delivering an experience that meets their expectations. Select a couple of paths of genres to choose from Choosing the type of book may commonly act as a preparatory step in refining the main topic, and the two phases are typically linked since the type of book chosen may indicate a certain concentration. The core of a good book is its concentration, which writers achieve by intentionally restricting their theme. This technique allows them to focus on important aspects while discarding unnecessary information. Employing reporting questions, such as who, what, when, where, and how, can help you concentrate. For example, if a writer intends to create a historical fiction work set in a specific century, the genre (historical fiction) naturally directs attention towards studying the complexities of that historical period. To guarantee a rich and well-rounded story, the writer may ask reporting questions like when and where the events take place, who the main players are, and how historical facts interact with fictitious components. This technique not only refines the topic but also identifies areas that may need extra study, context, or historical background. Brainstorm the themes and sub-genres The brainstorming phase stands out as the most creative part of the book-writing process. Writers here break free from the restraints of precise syntax and punctuation, allowing their thoughts to flow freely and forge unorthodox connections. It is a phase of research in which associative leaps lead to unexpected pathways or inventive connections. The emphasis is on exploration and letting creativity flow freely. For example, if a writer intends to create a science fiction novel, the brainstorming session may include investigating futuristic themes, imagining alternate universes, and considering the influence of new technology on society. During this stage, the writer is not concerned with organising or polishing their thoughts. Instead, it’s about gathering material, giving structure to first ideas, and determining what pieces are already relevant to the book and which require more development. In science fiction, brainstorming might result in the invention of new alien species, creative technology, or unexpected outcomes of scientific achievements. The purpose is to encourage a free-flowing exchange of ideas, allowing the writer to unearth unexpected facts or a new viewpoint. At this stage, the emphasis is on creativity and experimentation, laying the groundwork for the more organised phases of writing that will come later. Plan your book. With a well-defined concept in hand, the next crucial step is to meticulously plan the structure of your book. Consider the opening and closing chapters, and deliberate on the central portion, which constitutes the heart of your content. Break down your book into logical sections or chapters, outlining the focus of each segment. For example, if you’re planning to write a mystery novel, envision how you want to start and conclude the story. Deliberate on the key plot twists and character developments that will unfold in the middle of the narrative. By structuring your book in this way, you provide a roadmap for both yourself and your readers, ensuring a coherent and engaging storyline. Research Research serves as a vital component for both fiction and non-fiction works. Even in the realm of fiction, ensuring believability and realism is paramount. In non-fiction, thorough research is indispensable to guaranteeing the accuracy and currency of the information presented. Conduct comprehensive research by delving into books, articles, and relevant materials tied to your chosen topic. Capture essential details in your notes, laying the groundwork for a well-informed and credible narrative. Consider a scenario where you’re crafting a historical fiction novel set in a specific era. Your research might involve exploring the cultural nuances, historical events, and societal norms of that time period. This attention to detail enhances the authenticity of your narrative, making it more compelling for readers. Start the writing process Now that your research and planning stages have reached fruition, it’s the opportune moment to set pen to paper and commence the writing process. An essential reminder: Your initial draft doesn’t demand perfection. The primary objective is to translate your well-conceived ideas into written form. Disregard concerns about grammar intricacies or sentence structure during this phase; the emphasis is solely on giving life to your narrative. Consider a scenario where you’re crafting a self-help book on personal development. In this preliminary writing phase, your…

Learn How to Sell Books Online in 2024: Essential Guide
Beginning the road to selling books online is a dynamic endeavour that requires a deliberate combination of digital acumen, e-commerce savvy, and persuasive marketing brilliance. Creating a noticeable online presence is the cornerstone of success for authors and publishers alike in the wide digital world. It entails not just displaying literary works but also creating an immersive experience that entices potential readers. Using e-commerce platforms like Amazon or specialty platforms like Etsy gives up new avenues for connecting with a worldwide audience, offering a marketplace where literary works may find their appropriate audience. However, the art of online book sales extends beyond the realms of transactional exchanges. Effective marketing strategies play a pivotal role in amplifying visibility, enticing prospective readers, and building a loyal readership base. From search engine optimisation (SEO) to leveraging social media dynamics and exploring paid advertising avenues, the modern author must navigate a multifaceted terrain to ensure their literary endeavours flourish in the digital marketplace. Read: Get an Idea on How to Write a Book Dedication: Best Effective Tips to Follow In this intricate dance of technology and creativity, the journey of selling books online unfolds as a harmonious symphony, where the resonance of captivating narratives meets the algorithms of discoverability and consumer engagement. Here’s a step-by-step guide: Create a professional website Utilize e-Commerce Platforms Optimise for Search Engines (SEO) Build a Mailing List Social Media Marketing Offer Discounts and Promotions Collect and Showcase Reviews Create Author Profiles Explore Paid Advertising Participate in Book Fairs and Events Provide Excellent Customer Service Stay Informed and Adapt Create a Professional Website Creating a good website is the first step towards establishing a strong online presence for your books. The website acts as a central point for potential readers to learn about your work, browse your catalogue, and contact you as an author. It is critical to have a user-friendly interface that allows users to effortlessly move around your site. A clean design with a visually attractive layout and high-quality book covers improves your online platform’s overall aesthetics and professionalism. Furthermore, with an increasing number of visitors accessing material via smartphones and tablets, optimising your website for mobile devices is critical. A mobile-friendly design provides visitors with a smooth and engaging experience, enhancing engagement and increasing the possibility of converting browsers into readers. Utilize e-commerce platforms Using renowned e-commerce platforms allows your books to reach a large online audience. Millions of consumers trust platforms like Amazon, eBay, and Etsy, which provide an easy and familiar atmosphere for potential purchasers. Creating thorough product listings is critical for effectively promoting your books. Create captivating book descriptions that entice readers, add high-quality cover photos that visually reflect your work, and include essential metadata to improve searchability. By partnering with these renowned e-commerce platforms, you have access to their current user base as well as their powerful infrastructure, which includes secure payment processing and dependable delivery choices. This method not only simplifies the purchase procedure for clients, but it also provides legitimacy to your books because they are shown with other respected publications in the store. Optimise for Search Engines (SEO) Implementing SEO best practices is crucial for enhancing the visibility of your website and book listings in search engine results. This involves strategically incorporating relevant keywords into your book titles, descriptions, and metadata. By aligning your content with what readers are searching for, you improve your chances of ranking higher in search engine results pages. Optimising for SEO not only makes your books more discoverable but also establishes your website as a credible source, ultimately driving organic traffic. Regularly updating your content, improving page load speed, and ensuring mobile friendliness are additional aspects of SEO that contribute to a better overall user experience. Build a mailing list Establishing an email list is a powerful tool for connecting directly with potential readers and building a community around your work. Offer incentives such as exclusive content, early access to new releases, or special discounts to encourage visitors to subscribe. A well-nurtured mailing list allows you to maintain an ongoing relationship with your audience, keeping them informed about upcoming releases, author events, and other relevant updates through newsletters. Building this direct line of communication not only fosters reader loyalty but also provides a platform for personalised engagement, turning one-time buyers into long-term fans. Social media marketing Using social media networks to market your books is a dynamic and successful method. Platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest provide several options to interact with your target audience. Distribute visually engaging information such as book covers, behind-the-scenes peeks, and reader feedback. Respond to comments, participate in relevant conversations, and launch targeted advertising campaigns to reach certain demographics to actively connect with your audience. Social networking may help you create your author brand, increase visibility, and foster a sense of community among your fans. You may also like: Unlocking Success: How to Sell Books Online Effectively Offer discounts and promotions Entice potential buyers by strategically running limited-time promotions, discounts, or bundle deals. Creating a sense of urgency around these offers encourages immediate purchases. This marketing strategy not only attracts new readers but also retains existing ones, fostering a sense of goodwill. Promotions can be communicated through various channels, including your website, email newsletters, and social media platforms. Consider aligning promotions with specific events, holidays, or book-related milestones to maximise their impact. Well-executed discount and promotion campaigns can drive sales, increase visibility, and generate buzz around your books in a competitive online marketplace. Collect and showcase reviews Encouraging readers to leave reviews is a crucial aspect of building credibility and influencing potential buyers in the competitive world of online book sales. Positive reviews not only serve as testimonials but also act as social proof, assuring potential customers of the book’s quality. By creating a review-friendly environment on your website and prominent e-commerce platforms, you invite readers to share their experiences and opinions. These reviews contribute to an organic, positive image for your book, attracting more potential readers. As…

How to Write a Book Dedication: Best Effective Tips to Follow
What is a Book Dedication? A dedication in the context of a book is a part in which the author communicates their unique thoughts, thanks, or recognition to persons or groups who have personal value in their lives or who have contributed to the development of the book. It is a means for the author to express gratitude, affection, or respect to people who have had a significant effect on them or the project. Dedications are often found at the beginning of a book, typically on the dedication page, which is usually located on one of the opening pages before the main content of the book begins. The language used in dedications can vary widely, ranging from formal and traditional to more personal and creative expressions of thanks. Some authors use dedications to honour family members, friends, mentors, or anyone who has inspired or supported them during the writing process or in their personal journey. Dedications add a personal touch to a book, and they provide insight into the author’s relationships and the emotional connections that influenced their work. You may also like: Positive Character Traits And Why They Are Crucial In this comprehensive guide, we will explore effective tips to help you write a compelling book dedication. Understand the Purpose of a Book Dedication Identify Your Audience Reflect on Your Journey Choose the Right Tone Be specific and personal Prioritise and include key individuals Consider dual dedications Incorporate quotes or poetic elements Review and edit thoughtfully Express Gratitude Without Obligation Understand the Purpose of a Book Dedication Before you begin writing, it’s critical to understand the objective of a book dedication. Dedication pages are usually included at the opening of a book and are used to commemorate people who have inspired or supported the author. This might include family members, friends, mentors, or anybody who has provided support along the way. You may also like: Is Kindle Direct Publishing right for Your Next Book? Identify Your Audience When writing the dedication, keep your readership in mind. If your book is aimed at a certain audience, have your dedication reflect that. Whether you’re writing for a general audience or a specific market, make sure your tone and substance are appealing to your readers. Reflect on Your Journey Take a moment to reflect on your writing journey. Consider the challenges you’ve faced, the triumphs you’ve celebrated, and the individuals who stood by you during both highs and lows. Your dedication should encapsulate the essence of this journey. Choose the Right Tone The tone of your dedication sets the emotional tone for the entire book. Decide whether you want it to be heartfelt, humorous, or a mix of both. A sincere and genuine tone often resonates well with readers, creating a connection that goes beyond the pages of your book. Be specific and personal Avoid generic statements. Instead, be specific about why you’re dedicating the book to certain individuals. Share anecdotes, inside jokes, or personal experiences that highlight the depth of your relationship with the dedicatees. This personal touch adds authenticity to your dedication. You may also like: How to Write An Epilogue: Step-By-Step Guide Prioritise and include key individuals If you have numerous people to acknowledge, prioritise them based on their impact on your writing journey. Include the most significant individuals first, gradually expanding to others. This ensures that the dedication remains focused and heartfelt. Consider dual dedications If multiple individuals have played crucial roles, consider a dual dedication. This involves dedicating the book to two or more people, each with a distinct acknowledgment. This approach is especially effective when the individuals have different relationships with the author. Incorporate quotes or poetic elements Enhance the literary appeal of your dedication by incorporating relevant quotes, poetic elements, or lines from your own work. This adds a layer of artistry to the dedication, making it not only a gesture of appreciation but also a captivating introduction to your book. Review and edit thoughtfully Once you’ve drafted your dedication, review and edit it thoughtfully. Ensure that the language is clear, concise, and free of errors. Consider seeking feedback from trusted friends or colleagues to gain insights from different perspectives. You may also like: List of 15 Prestigious Literary Awards in 2024 Express Gratitude Without Obligation While it’s common to express gratitude, avoid making your dedication feel like an obligation. Be sincere in your acknowledgments, and let the words flow naturally. Forced or insincere dedications can be apparent to readers. Here are some examples of book dedications from various genres: Simple and Personal: for my wife, who believed in me from the start. Gratitude: To my parents for their unwavering support and love. In Memory: In loving memory of [Name], whose passion for literature inspired this work. For a Special Someone: For [Name], my muse and my constant source of inspiration. Family Dedication: To my children, who remind me every day of the magic in the world. From “A Brief History of Time” by Stephen Hawking: This book is dedicated to Jane, Robert, and Timothy.“For Jane, with loveFor Jane, with whom I have lived almost half my life. And for Robert and Timothy, without whom it wouldn’t have been worth living.” From “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” by J.K. Rowling: The dedication of this book is split in seven ways:To Neil,To Jessica,To David,To Kenzie,To Di,To Anne,and to you,if you have stuck with Harry until the very end. From “Eat, Pray, Love” by Elizabeth Gilbert: This book is dedicated to everyone who has ever had a heartache and to every person who has had the courage to pursue his or her own path.To everyone who has walked into the middle of nowhere and realised that his or her own path home has been the entire journey and has changed their life because of it:. From “The Book Thief” by Markus Zusak: For Elisabeth and Helmut Zusak, with love and admiration.“It is said that your life flashes before your eyes just before you die. That is true; it’s called life.”“Death…

What Is Biblical Fiction? Complete Guide For New coming Authors
Biblical fiction is a distinct literary genre that combines aspects of historical storytelling with biblical-inspired storylines. In this genre, authors reinterpret, interpret, or build on biblical stories, characters, and events, merging factual and imaginative aspects to create captivating narratives. In contrast to religious scriptures or commentaries, biblical fiction utilises artistic licence to explore the hidden experiences, views, and emotions that may lie beyond the surface of the biblical events. Key Features of Biblical Fiction: Historical Authenticity: Authors in this genre frequently perform extensive study to achieve historical correctness in presenting biblical locales, civilizations, and traditions. The idea is to immerse readers in the historical setting while also allowing for creative narrative. Creative Interpretation: While biblical fiction is based on historical events, it allows for artistic interpretation. Authors may fill gaps in the biblical narrative, offer fresh viewpoints on well-known tales, or even incorporate fictitious characters to enrich the overall story. Exploration of Themes: The genre provides a platform to explore a wide array of themes present in the Bible. Themes such as faith, resilience, morality, and human nature are often central to biblical fiction, offering authors opportunities to delve into the complexities of the human experience. Character Development: Biblical fiction often involves the in-depth exploration and development of characters found in the Bible. Authors may provide backstories, motivations, and emotions to characters, adding depth and nuance to their personalities. Respectful Approach: Given the sacred nature of the Bible, authors approach their subjects with a delicate balance of respect and creativity. While taking liberties with the source material, successful biblical fiction maintains a sense of reverence for the religious and historical significance of the stories. You may also link: Book Writing Tools That Actually Make a Difference Why Biblical Fiction Matters: Cultural Engagement: Biblical fiction engages readers in a cultural dialogue, encouraging them to connect with ancient stories in a new and relatable way. It bridges the gap between contemporary readers and the historical context of the Bible. Exploration of Faith: For those with a religious background, biblical fiction provides a fresh perspective on familiar stories, prompting readers to reflect on their faith and consider alternative interpretations. Literary Exploration: Beyond religious contexts, biblical fiction offers literary enthusiasts a unique genre that combines elements of historical fiction, drama, and storytelling. It adds diversity to the literary landscape by drawing on ancient narratives. Timeless Relevance: The themes explored in biblical fiction—such as love, sacrifice, and resilience—are timeless and resonate with readers across different cultures and belief systems. 5-Step for the Beginners who are planning to delve in the world of Biblical Fiction Here’s a 5-Step list for the beginners to delve in the world of biblical fiction. Step 1 – Defining Biblical Fiction Step 2 – The Intersection of History and Imagination Step 3 – Exploring Themes and Characters Step 4 – Navigating Sensitive Topics with Respect Step 5 – Finding Noteworth Biblical Fiction Works Step 1: Defining Biblical Fiction Biblical fiction, a captivating literary genre, takes readers on a journey through the corridors of time, intertwining creative storytelling with the sacred narratives of the Bible. It encompasses novels and stories that unfold against the rich tapestry of biblical events, infusing life into ancient tales while introducing imaginative elements. At its core, biblical fiction maintains a delicate balance between historical and creative dimensions. Authors delve into the sacred texts, extracting characters, settings, and events, and then weave them into compelling narratives. This genre doesn’t merely retell stories; it reimagines them, offering fresh perspectives and filling gaps left by the biblical accounts. The essence lies in the fusion of historical authenticity with the author’s creative interpretation, providing readers with a literary experience that resonates with both the familiar and the unexpected. For instance, Anita Diamant’s “The Red Tent” transports readers into the biblical world of Dinah, Jacob’s daughter, offering a unique perspective on her life—an angle not extensively explored in the Bible. Diamant’s creative narrative breathes new life into a character often relegated to the sidelines, exemplifying how biblical fiction can illuminate untold stories and amplify the richness of the biblical tapestry. You may also like: Fantasy Books complete publishing guide in India 2024 Step 2: The Intersection of History and Imagination Biblical fiction stands as a testament to the harmonious intersection of historical authenticity and creative imagination. Authors delve into meticulous research, immersing themselves in the rich tapestry of biblical times to ensure a vivid portrayal of the era. This dedication to historical accuracy creates a solid foundation, allowing readers to step into ancient landscapes and witness cultural nuances with a sense of authenticity. Take, for instance, the biblical narrative of Noah’s Ark. While the Bible provides a succinct account of the flood and the ark’s construction, biblical fiction allows authors to breathe life into the story. Through exhaustive research, an author might depict the architectural marvel of the ark, incorporating historical details about construction techniques and materials used during that period. This blend of historical precision forms the backdrop against which creative imagination flourishes. In the hands of a skilled author, the ark becomes more than a vessel; it becomes a symbol of human resilience and divine intervention. Characters aboard the Ark, historically rooted, take on dimensions of personality and emotion that resonate with readers. This intersection allows biblical fiction to transcend mere historical reenactment, offering readers a captivating journey that fuses the lessons of the past with the artistry of creative storytelling. As readers traverse the pages, they find themselves not only immersed in history but also transported by the imaginative spirit that breathes new life into timeless tales. Step 3: Exploring Themes and Characters Biblical fiction serves as a dynamic literary canvas for authors to explore a diverse range of timeless themes and characters embedded in the Bible. One prominent theme frequently explored is the resilience of biblical heroes facing adversity. Through creative interpretation, authors can delve into the emotional and psychological landscapes of characters such as David facing Goliath, unravelling the untold facets of their journeys and portraying…