List of Nobel Prize Winners in India (Updated)

The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious international honors, granted each year to individuals and organizations who have made remarkable contributions to humanity. India has produced several Nobel laureates who have made outstanding contributions in a variety of domains. Let us look at the complete and updated list of Nobel Prize winners from India.

What is the Nobel Prize?

History and Significance

The Nobel Prize was established by Alfred Nobel‘s will in 1895 to reward remarkable accomplishments in a variety of subjects. Since 1901, it has been given in fields such as physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic sciences.

Categories of the Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize is awarded in the following six categories:

Physics
Chemistry
Medicine
Literature
Peace
Economic Sciences

India’s Contribution to the Nobel Prize

India has made substantial contributions to the Nobel Prize, with several Indian laureates being honored for their achievements in a variety of sectors. Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, making him the first non-European recipient.

In Physics, C.V. Raman won in 1930 for discovering the Raman Effect. Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian efforts. Other prominent winners are Amartya Sen (Economics, 1998), Kailash Satyarthi (Peace, 2014), and Abhijit Banerjee (Economics, 2019). These laureates represent India’s contributions to global knowledge, social service, and scientific progress.

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List of Nobel Prize Winners in India

Here is the updated list of Nobel Prize winners from India:

1. Rabindranath Tagore (1913) - Literature

Rabindranath Tagore became the first Indian and non-European to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, Gitanjali. His poetic and deeply philosophical poetry, first penned in Bengali and then translated into English, captivated the globe with their spiritual depth and global subjects. Tagore’s achievements went beyond literature; he was a philosopher, painter, and composer, best known for penning India’s national anthem, Jana Gana Mana.

Rabindranath Tagore - Nobel Prize Winner

2. C. V. Raman (1930) - Physics

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his pioneering discovery of the Raman Effect, which explains how light scatters when it passes through a transparent medium. This discovery transformed spectroscopy and has important implications in physics and chemistry. Raman was the first Asian and non-white person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Science. His findings paved the way for advances in quantum physics and molecular structure analysis.

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C.V Raman - Nobel Prize Winner

3. Har Gobind Khorana (1968) - Medicine

Har Gobind Khorana, an Indian-American biochemist, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968, alongside Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, for their pioneering work on genetic codes and protein synthesis. Khorana’s research contributed to the understanding of how nucleotides in DNA determine amino acid sequences in proteins, which was a fundamental discovery in molecular biology. Born in Raipur, British India (now Pakistan), his work paved the way for modern genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Har Gobind Khorana - Nobel Prize Winner

4. Mother Teresa (1979) - Peace

Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work with the Missionaries of Charity, which she founded in 1950. Born in Macedonia, she settled in India and dedicated her life to aiding the destitute, sick, and dying in Kolkata. The Nobel Committee acknowledged her efforts to eliminate poverty and distress, which posed a serious threat to peace. She graciously denied the formal banquet and requested that the cash be utilized to benefit the destitute.

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Mother Teresa - Nobel Prize Winner

5. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983) - Physics

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his breakthrough research into the structure and evolution of stars. His research contributed to the discovery of the Chandrasekhar Limit, which determines the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star (about 1.4 times that of the Sun). This research was critical in understanding star evolution, particularly black hole development. Born in India, he later became a United States citizen and made substantial contributions to astrophysics throughout his career.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar - Nobel Prize Winner

6. Amartya Sen (1998) - Economic Sciences

Amartya Sen received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics, including his work on poverty, social choice theory, and economic justice. His research stressed the importance of economic policies in eliminating inequality and increasing human potential. Sen’s seminal work on famine analysis demonstrated that food shortages are frequently caused by distribution difficulties rather than production limitations. His famous book, Development as Freedom, looks at economic development in terms of human well-being rather than GDP growth.

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Amartya Sen - Nobel Prize Winner

7. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009) - Chemistry

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for his revolutionary discoveries into the structure and function of the ribosome. He was born in India and shared the prize with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for their work utilizing X-ray crystallography to map ribosomal structures at the atomic level. His discoveries have substantially benefited molecular biology and medicine, particularly our understanding of how medicines target bacterial ribosomes. Ramakrishnan later served as President of the Royal Society (2015-2020).

Venkatraman Ramakrishna - Nobel Prize Winner

8. Kailash Satyarthi (2014) - Peace

Kailash Satyarthi, an Indian social reformer, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for his unwavering struggle against child labor and exploitation. He split the honor with Malala Yousafzai. Satyarthi established the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save Childhood Movement), which freed thousands of children from slavery and bonded labor. His initiatives have influenced global policies on child rights, and he continues to campaign for universal education and the abolition of child labor around the world.

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Kailash Satyarthi - Nobel Prize Winner

9. Abhijit Banerjee (2019) - Economic Sciences

Abhijit Banerjee, born on February 21, 1961, in Mumbai, India, is an Indian-born American economist who, along with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2019 for their experimental approach to reducing world poverty. Banerjee, who graduated from the University of Calcutta, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1988), co-founded the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2003 and is now the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics. His creative research has greatly aided our ability to address global poverty through evidence-based policy solutions.

Abhijit Banerjee - Nobel Prize Winner

Other Nobel Laureates of Indian Origin

Apart from the above, some Nobel laureates of Indian descent have also been honored:

1. Ronald Ross (1902) - Medicine

For his revolutionary discovery of the malaria parasite in the Anopheles mosquito, Ronald Ross, who was born in Almora (then British India), won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1902. His findings opened the door for efficient disease management measures by confirming that mosquitoes were the vectors of malaria transmission. Ross’s efforts have had a long-lasting effect on public health worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Despite being of British ancestry, his studies in India made a substantial contribution to the field of medicine.

Ronald Ross - Nobel Prize Winner

2. V. S. Naipaul (2001) - Literature

V. S. Naipaul, a Trinidad-born writer of Indian heritage, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. His writing, known for its insightful tales and keen social commentary, delves into subjects like colonialism, displacement, and cultural identity. Notable publications include A House for Mr. Biswas and In a Free State, which exhibit his superb storytelling. The Swedish Academy applauded his ability to turn postcolonial realities into captivating writing, cementing his reputation as a prominent global literary personality.

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V.S Naipaul - Nobel Prize Winner

Interesting Facts about Nobel Prize Winners in India

First Indian Nobel laureate: Rabindranath Tagore (1913, Literature).
Youngest Indian to win: Kailash Satyarthi (at 60, in 2014, Peace).
Oldest Indian to win: Amartya Sen (at 64, in 1998, Economic Sciences).
Female Nobel laureates: Mother Teresa and Abhijit Banerjee’s co-recipient Esther Duflo

Conclusion

India’s Nobel laureates have made outstanding contributions to the globe. Through their efforts, these people have not only made the nation proud, but they have also had a good impact on humanity. For upcoming generations, the Nobel Prize remains a testament to greatness and motivation.