A separate plotline that runs simultaneously with a story’s primary plot is called a subplot. By adding more levels of conflict, character growth, or themes, it enhances, contrasts, or deepens the main story. Subplots enhance the main plot, adding depth and interest.
However, why do subplots matter? A single plot in a book or film could come across as uninteresting or formulaic. Subplots give stories depth and increase their dynamic and engrossing quality.
The Role of Subplots in Enhancing a Story
Subplots serve multiple purposes:
- Adding depth: They make the story richer and more engaging.
- Developing characters: Subplots give supporting characters their own arcs.
- Enhancing themes: They reinforce or contrast the main message of the story.
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Types of Subplots
1. Romantic Subplots
By presenting a love interest concurrently with the main plot, romantic subplots give a story more complexity. Character development, emotional intensity, and higher stakes that impact the protagonist’s journey can all be produced by these subplots. By incorporating interpersonal interactions into the story, romantic subplots improve viewer interest, whether they are a slow-burning connection or an obstacle-filled romance. They add emotional resonance and balance, which enhances the overall appeal of stories in genres like science fiction, fantasy, and mystery.
Example: In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the romance between Ron and Hermione is a subplot that adds emotional depth to the main story about Voldemort’s return.
2. Conflict-Driven Subplots
Conflict-driven subplots provide depth and suspense to the main story by introducing hurdles for the protagonist to overcome. These subplots could be internal tensions like moral quandaries or self-doubt, or external conflicts like rivalries or betrayals. They boost character development and keep the plot interesting by offering fresh hurdles. For instance, in Harry Potter, Harry’s rivalry with Draco Malfoy acts as a conflict-driven subplot that raises the suspense of the main plotline.
Example: In The Great Gatsby, Tom Buchanan’s affair adds tension and complexity to Gatsby and Daisy’s main love story.
3. Thematic Subplots
Thematic subplots strengthen the primary story’s central message by delving into related concepts via secondary characters or occurrences. These subplots enrich the story by providing alternative viewpoints on the central issue. For example, if a novel’s topic is redemption, a subplot could follow a secondary character’s path of forgiveness. By including thematic subplots into the story, writers can create richer, more meaningful narratives that connect with readers on several levels. Well-crafted subplots improve the overall storytelling experience.
Example: In To Kill a Mockingbird, the subplot involving Boo Radley supports the main theme of prejudice and moral growth.
4. Character Development Subplots
Character development subplots follow a character’s personal growth and evolution throughout the novel. These subplots provide complexity by demonstrating how experiences influence a character’s views, motives, and relationships. For example, in Harry Potter, Neville Longbottom’s transformation from a timid student to a brave hero is a dramatic character-driven subplot. By incorporating these subplots into the main narrative, writers develop more relatable and interesting characters, making the entire story richer and more captivating.
Example: In Breaking Bad, Jesse Pinkman’s struggle with morality serves as a subplot that mirrors Walter White’s descent into crime.
5. Foil Subplots
Foil subplots emphasize the primary plot by providing a contrasting storyline. These subplots involve characters, events, or concepts that differ from or contradict the main narrative, with a focus on crucial components of the story. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte and Mr. Collins’ relationship contrasts with Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy’s passion, underlining the novel’s love and marriage themes. By incorporating foil subplots, writers add complexity and improve the reader’s understanding of the main story.
Example: In Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Lucas’s pragmatic marriage contrasts with Elizabeth Bennet’s romantic ideals.
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How to Write an Effective Subplot
1. Connect It to the Main Plot
2. Balance Between Main Plot and Subplot
A well-crafted novel strikes a balance between the main plot and the subplots to keep readers interested. Subplots should supplement the primary plot without overshadowing it. They can enrich character development, create tension, or add contrast, but they must remain relevant. To achieve this balance, make sure that subplots cross with the main storyline at crucial points. This integration contributes to a cohesive story, making subplots feel necessary rather than irritating.
3. Develop Strong Subplot Characters
To keep subplots interesting, create strong characters with defined goals, conflicts, and growth arcs. These characters should be distinct while being tied to the main plot, bringing complexity to the story. Give them distinct characteristics, goals, and problems that impact the protagonist or the core plot. Subplots are more relevant when they have well-developed characters who add emotional depth, conflict, or contrast. Subplots become more intriguing and improve the overall storytelling experience when their travels are seamlessly integrated into the narrative.
4. Ensure Resolution of Subplots
Ensure that subplots are resolved by tying up loose ends before the main story concludes. Unresolved subplots can leave readers dissatisfied, making the story feel unfinished. Each subplot should have a purpose, whether it adds depth to the characters, creates suspense, or supports the central plot. Before completing the story, ensure that all subplots have a logical conclusion, even if they are open-ended. Well-resolved subplots contribute to a unified and compelling reading experience, increasing the overall effect of the story.
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Common Mistakes in Writing Subplots
1. Unnecessary Subplots
Too many subplots can overshadow the main plot and confuse readers. Every subplot should have a clear purpose, whether it adds depth to the characters, improves the main subject, or creates tension. Unnecessary subplots that have no connection to the major storyline can slow down the pace and divert attention away from the main story. Writers should determine whether each subplot adds value to the story. If it doesn’t, it’s preferable to eliminate or edit it to improve storytelling.
2. Overcomplicating the Story
Examples of Great Subplots in Literature and Film
- Books: Lord of the Rings (Frodo’s journey vs. Aragorn’s subplot)
- Movies: Titanic (Jack and Rose’s love story vs. the sinking ship subplot)
Conclusion
Subplots are powerful storytelling tools that add depth, develop characters, and reinforce themes. Whether it’s a romantic twist or a character-driven arc, a well-crafted subplot makes a story unforgettable.
